feat: dynamic role-based permission system

- Add permissions & role_permissions tables with migration
- Add PermissionMiddleware for route-level access control
- Add CheckRole middleware for role-based fallback
- Add PermissionController with UI (Settings > Hak Akses Role)
- Add @canPermission Blade directive for view-level checks
- Convert all routes to use dynamic permission middleware
- Add canPermission() method to User model
- All access rights configurable via admin UI

app/Http/Controllers/Admin/PermissionController.php

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Http\Controllers\Admin;
+
+use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
+use Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse;
+use Illuminate\Http\Request;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+use Illuminate\View\View;
+
+class PermissionController extends Controller
+{
+    public function index(): View
+    {
+        $permissions = DB::table('permissions')
+            ->orderBy('group')
+            ->orderBy('id')
+            ->get()
+            ->groupBy('group');
+
+        $roles = ['admin', 'bk', 'wali_kelas', 'staff'];
+
+        $rolePermissions = [];
+        foreach ($roles as $role) {
+            $rolePermissions[$role] = DB::table('role_permissions')
+                ->where('role', $role)
+                ->pluck('permission_id')
+                ->toArray();
+        }
+
+        return view('settings.permissions', compact('permissions', 'roles', 'rolePermissions'));
+    }
+
+    public function update(Request $request): RedirectResponse
+    {
+        $data = $request->validate([
+            'permissions' => ['nullable', 'array'],
+            'permissions.*' => ['array'],
+        ]);
+
+        // Clear all role_permissions first
+        DB::table('role_permissions')->delete();
+
+        $now = now();
+
+        if (! empty($data['permissions'])) {
+            foreach ($data['permissions'] as $role => $permissionIds) {
+                foreach ($permissionIds as $permissionId) {
+                    DB::table('role_permissions')->insert([
+                        'role' => $role,
+                        'permission_id' => (int) $permissionId,
+                        'created_at' => $now,
+                        'updated_at' => $now,
+                    ]);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Always give admin all permissions
+        $allPermissionIds = DB::table('permissions')->pluck('id');
+        foreach ($allPermissionIds as $pid) {
+            DB::table('role_permissions')->insertOrIgnore([
+                'role' => 'admin',
+                'permission_id' => $pid,
+                'created_at' => $now,
+                'updated_at' => $now,
+            ]);
+        }
+
+        // Clear cache
+        foreach (['admin', 'bk', 'wali_kelas', 'staff'] as $role) {
+            Cache::forget('role_permissions:' . $role);
+        }
+
+        return redirect()->route('settings.permissions')
+            ->with('success', 'Hak akses berhasil diperbarui.');
+    }
+}

app/Http/Middleware/CheckRole.php

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Http\Middleware;
+
+use Closure;
+use Illuminate\Http\Request;
+use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
+
+class CheckRole
+{
+    /**
+     * Handle an incoming request.
+     *
+     * @param  \Closure(\Illuminate\Http\Request): (\Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response)  $next
+     */
+    public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next, string ...$roles): Response
+    {
+        $user = $request->user();
+
+        if (! $user) {
+            abort(403, 'Unauthorized.');
+        }
+
+        foreach ($roles as $role) {
+            if ($user->role === $role) {
+                return $next($request);
+            }
+        }
+
+        abort(403, 'Anda tidak memiliki izin untuk mengakses halaman ini.');
+    }
+}

app/Http/Middleware/PermissionMiddleware.php

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Http\Middleware;
+
+use Closure;
+use Illuminate\Http\Request;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;
+use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
+
+class PermissionMiddleware
+{
+    /**
+     * Handle an incoming request.
+     *
+     * @param  \Closure(\Illuminate\Http\Request): (\Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response)  $next
+     */
+    public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next, string ...$permissions): Response
+    {
+        $user = $request->user();
+
+        if (! $user) {
+            abort(403, 'Unauthorized.');
+        }
+
+        // Admin always has all permissions
+        if ($user->role === 'admin') {
+            return $next($request);
+        }
+
+        // Cache role permissions (cleared when role_permissions changes)
+        $rolePermissions = Cache::remember('role_permissions:' . $user->role, 3600, function () use ($user) {
+            return \DB::table('role_permissions')
+                ->join('permissions', 'role_permissions.permission_id', '=', 'permissions.id')
+                ->where('role_permissions.role', $user->role)
+                ->pluck('permissions.key')
+                ->toArray();
+        });
+
+        foreach ($permissions as $permission) {
+            if (in_array($permission, $rolePermissions)) {
+                return $next($request);
+            }
+        }
+
+        abort(403, 'Anda tidak memiliki izin untuk mengakses halaman ini.');
+    }
+}

app/Models/User.php

@@ -28,6 +28,23 @@ class User extends Authenticatable
     public function isAdmin(): bool { return $this->role === 'admin'; }
     public function isBK(): bool { return $this->role === 'bk'; }
     public function isWaliKelas(): bool { return $this->role === 'wali_kelas'; }
+    public function isStaff(): bool { return $this->role === 'staff'; }
+
+    public function canPermission(string $permission): bool
+    {
+        if ($this->isAdmin()) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return in_array($permission, \Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache::remember(
+            'role_permissions:' . $this->role,
+            3600,
+            fn () => \DB::table('role_permissions')
+                ->join('permissions', 'role_permissions.permission_id', '=', 'permissions.id')
+                ->where('role_permissions.role', $this->role)
+                ->pluck('permissions.key')
+                ->toArray()
+        ));
+    }
 
     public function recordedViolations()
     {

app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 namespace App\Providers;
 
 use Illuminate\Pagination\Paginator;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Blade;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;
 use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
 
 class AppServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
@@ -21,5 +23,24 @@ class AppServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
     public function boot(): void
     {
         Paginator::defaultView('vendor.pagination.tailwind');
+
+        // Blade directive: @canPermission('sync-data')
+        Blade::if('canPermission', function (string $permission) {
+            $user = auth()->user();
+            if (! $user) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if ($user->role === 'admin') {
+                return true;
+            }
+            $rolePermissions = Cache::remember('role_permissions:' . $user->role, 3600, function () use ($user) {
+                return \DB::table('role_permissions')
+                    ->join('permissions', 'role_permissions.permission_id', '=', 'permissions.id')
+                    ->where('role_permissions.role', $user->role)
+                    ->pluck('permissions.key')
+                    ->toArray();
+            });
+            return in_array($permission, $rolePermissions);
+        });
     }
 }

bootstrap/app.php

@@ -12,7 +12,10 @@ return Application::configure(basePath: dirname(__DIR__))
         health: '/up',
     )
     ->withMiddleware(function (Middleware $middleware): void {
-        //
+        $middleware->alias([
+            'role' => \App\Http\Middleware\CheckRole::class,
+            'permission' => \App\Http\Middleware\PermissionMiddleware::class,
+        ]);
     })
     ->withExceptions(function (Exceptions $exceptions): void {
         $exceptions->shouldRenderJsonWhen(

database/migrations/2026_07_23_063835_create_permissions_tables.php

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+<?php
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+
+return new class extends Migration
+{
+    public function up(): void
+    {
+        Schema::create('permissions', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->id();
+            $table->string('key', 100)->unique();
+            $table->string('group', 50);
+            $table->string('label', 100);
+            $table->text('description')->nullable();
+            $table->timestamps();
+        });
+
+        Schema::create('role_permissions', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->id();
+            $table->string('role', 50);
+            $table->foreignId('permission_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
+            $table->timestamps();
+
+            $table->unique(['role', 'permission_id']);
+        });
+
+        // Seed default permissions
+        $permissions = [
+            // Master Data (admin + bk default)
+            ['categories-manage', 'master-data', 'Kelola Kategori Pelanggaran'],
+            ['violation-types-manage', 'master-data', 'Kelola Jenis Pelanggaran'],
+            ['thresholds-manage', 'master-data', 'Kelola Ambang SP'],
+            ['violations-export', 'master-data', 'Export Data Pelanggaran'],
+
+            // Administrasi (admin only default)
+            ['settings-manage', 'administrasi', 'Pengaturan Aplikasi'],
+            ['users-manage', 'administrasi', 'Manajemen User'],
+            ['sync-data', 'administrasi', 'Sinkronisasi Data'],
+            ['backup-database', 'administrasi', 'Backup Database'],
+            ['reset-application', 'administrasi', 'Reset Aplikasi'],
+            ['import-data', 'administrasi', 'Import Data'],
+            ['export-master', 'administrasi', 'Export Master Data'],
+        ];
+
+        $now = now();
+        foreach ($permissions as [$key, $group, $label]) {
+            DB::table('permissions')->insert([
+                'key' => $key,
+                'group' => $group,
+                'label' => $label,
+                'description' => null,
+                'created_at' => $now,
+                'updated_at' => $now,
+            ]);
+        }
+
+        // Default: admin gets all permissions, bk gets master-data
+        $adminRole = 'admin';
+        $bkRole = 'bk';
+        $masterKeys = ['categories-manage', 'violation-types-manage', 'thresholds-manage', 'violations-export'];
+
+        foreach ($permissions as [$key, $group, $label]) {
+            DB::table('role_permissions')->insert([
+                'role' => $adminRole,
+                'permission_id' => DB::table('permissions')->where('key', $key)->value('id'),
+                'created_at' => $now,
+                'updated_at' => $now,
+            ]);
+
+            if (in_array($key, $masterKeys)) {
+                DB::table('role_permissions')->insert([
+                    'role' => $bkRole,
+                    'permission_id' => DB::table('permissions')->where('key', $key)->value('id'),
+                    'created_at' => $now,
+                    'updated_at' => $now,
+                ]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function down(): void
+    {
+        Schema::dropIfExists('role_permissions');
+        Schema::dropIfExists('permissions');
+    }
+};

resources/views/components/nav-item.blade.php

@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ $faIcons = [
     'cog' => 'fa-solid fa-gear',
     'users-cog' => 'fa-solid fa-user-gear',
     'database' => 'fa-solid fa-database',
+    'arrows-rotate' => 'fa-solid fa-arrows-rotate',
+    'lock' => 'fa-solid fa-lock',
 ];
 $faClass = $faIcons[$icon] ?? 'fa-solid fa-circle';
 @endphp

resources/views/layouts/app.blade.php

@@ -44,24 +44,55 @@
                 </button>
             </div>
             <nav class="mt-2 px-2 space-y-1">
+                @canPermission('access-dashboard')
                 <x-nav-item href="{{ route('dashboard') }}" icon="home" :active="request()->routeIs('dashboard')">Dashboard</x-nav-item>
+                @endcanPermission
+                @canPermission('input-violations')
                 <x-nav-item href="{{ route('violations.create') }}" icon="plus-circle" :active="request()->routeIs('violations.create')">Input Pelanggaran</x-nav-item>
+                @endcanPermission
+                @canPermission('view-violations')
                 <x-nav-item href="{{ route('violations.index') }}" icon="exclamation-triangle" :active="request()->routeIs('violations.index')">Data Pelanggaran</x-nav-item>
+                @endcanPermission
+                @canPermission('view-students')
                 <x-nav-item href="{{ route('students.index') }}" icon="users" :active="request()->routeIs('students.index*')">Data Siswa</x-nav-item>
+                @endcanPermission
+                @canPermission('manage-attendance')
                 <x-nav-item href="{{ route('attendances.index') }}" icon="clipboard-check" :active="request()->routeIs('attendances*')">Presensi Siswa</x-nav-item>
+                @endcanPermission
+                @canPermission('view-sp-letters')
                 <x-nav-item href="{{ route('sp-letters.index') }}" icon="document-text" :active="request()->routeIs('sp-letters.*')">Surat Peringatan</x-nav-item>
+                @endcanPermission
 
+                @canPermission('categories-manage')
                 <div class="pt-4 mt-4 border-t border-gray-200">
-                    <p class="px-3 text-xs font-semibold text-gray-500 uppercase tracking-wider">Pengaturan</p>
+                    <p class="px-3 text-xs font-semibold text-gray-500 uppercase tracking-wider">Master Data</p>
                 </div>
                 <x-nav-item href="{{ route('settings.categories') }}" icon="tag" :active="request()->routeIs('settings.categories*')">Kategori Pelanggaran</x-nav-item>
                 <x-nav-item href="{{ route('settings.violation-types') }}" icon="list" :active="request()->routeIs('settings.violation-types*')">Jenis Pelanggaran</x-nav-item>
                 <x-nav-item href="{{ route('settings.thresholds') }}" icon="chart-bar" :active="request()->routeIs('settings.thresholds*')">Ambang SP</x-nav-item>
+                @endcanPermission
+
+                @canPermission('settings-manage')
+                <div class="pt-4 mt-4 border-t border-gray-200">
+                    <p class="px-3 text-xs font-semibold text-gray-500 uppercase tracking-wider">Administrasi</p>
+                </div>
+                @endcanPermission
+                @canPermission('sync-data')
                 <x-nav-item href="{{ route('settings.sync') }}" icon="refresh" :active="request()->routeIs('settings.sync*')">Sinkronisasi</x-nav-item>
+                @endcanPermission
+                @canPermission('users-manage')
                 <x-nav-item href="{{ route('users.index') }}" icon="users-cog" :active="request()->routeIs('users.*')">Manajemen User</x-nav-item>
+                <x-nav-item href="{{ route('settings.permissions') }}" icon="lock" :active="request()->routeIs('settings.permissions*')">Hak Akses Role</x-nav-item>
+                @endcanPermission
+                @canPermission('backup-database')
                 <x-nav-item href="{{ route('settings.backup') }}" icon="database" :active="request()->routeIs('settings.backup*')">Backup Database</x-nav-item>
-                <x-nav-item href="{{ route('settings.reset') }}" icon="refresh" :active="request()->routeIs('settings.reset*')">Reset Aplikasi</x-nav-item>
+                @endcanPermission
+                @canPermission('reset-application')
+                <x-nav-item href="{{ route('settings.reset') }}" icon="arrows-rotate" :active="request()->routeIs('settings.reset*')">Reset Aplikasi</x-nav-item>
+                @endcanPermission
+                @canPermission('settings-manage')
                 <x-nav-item href="{{ route('settings.index') }}" icon="cog" :active="request()->routeIs('settings.index')">Pengaturan</x-nav-item>
+                @endcanPermission
             </nav>
 
             {{-- Footer --}}

resources/views/settings/permissions.blade.php

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+@extends('layouts.app')
+
+@section('title', 'Hak Akses Role')
+
+@section('content')
+<div class="max-w-5xl mx-auto">
+    <div class="mb-6">
+        <h1 class="text-2xl font-bold text-gray-900">Hak Akses Role</h1>
+        <p class="text-sm text-gray-500 mt-1">Atur permission/fitur apa saja yang bisa diakses oleh setiap role pengguna.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    @if (session('success'))
+        <div class="mb-4 p-4 bg-green-50 border border-green-200 rounded-lg text-sm text-green-700">{{ session('success') }}</div>
+    @endif
+
+    <form method="POST" action="{{ route('settings.permissions.update') }}">
+        @csrf
+
+        <div class="overflow-x-auto bg-white rounded-xl shadow-sm border border-gray-200">
+            <table class="w-full text-sm">
+                <thead>
+                    <tr class="bg-gray-50 border-b border-gray-200">
+                        <th class="text-left px-4 py-3 font-semibold text-gray-700">Permission</th>
+                        @foreach ($roles as $role)
+                            <th class="text-center px-3 py-3 font-semibold text-gray-700 capitalize">{{ $role }}</th>
+                        @endforeach
+                    </tr>
+                </thead>
+                <tbody>
+                    @foreach ($permissions as $group => $groupPermissions)
+                        <tr class="bg-gray-100 border-b border-gray-200">
+                            <td colspan="{{ count($roles) + 1 }}" class="px-4 py-2 font-bold text-gray-700 uppercase text-xs tracking-wider">
+                                {{ $group === 'master-data' ? 'Master Data' : ($group === 'administrasi' ? 'Administrasi' : $group) }}
+                            </td>
+                        </tr>
+                        @foreach ($groupPermissions as $perm)
+                            <tr class="border-b border-gray-100 hover:bg-gray-50">
+                                <td class="px-4 py-3">
+                                    <div class="font-medium text-gray-800">{{ $perm->label }}</div>
+                                    <div class="text-xs text-gray-400 font-mono">{{ $perm->key }}</div>
+                                </td>
+                                @foreach ($roles as $role)
+                                    @php
+                                        $checked = in_array($perm->id, $rolePermissions[$role] ?? []);
+                                        $disabled = ($role === 'admin');
+                                    @endphp
+                                    <td class="text-center px-3 py-3">
+                                        <input type="checkbox"
+                                            name="permissions[{{ $role }}][]"
+                                            value="{{ $perm->id }}"
+                                            {{ $checked ? 'checked' : '' }}
+                                            {{ $disabled ? 'disabled' : '' }}
+                                            class="w-4 h-4 text-blue-600 border-gray-300 rounded focus:ring-blue-500 cursor-pointer">
+                                    </td>
+                                @endforeach
+                            </tr>
+                        @endforeach
+                    @endforeach
+                </tbody>
+            </table>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="mt-6 flex items-center justify-between">
+            <p class="text-xs text-gray-400">Role <strong>Admin</strong> selalu memiliki semua hak akses (tidak bisa diubah).</p>
+            <button type="submit" class="px-6 py-2 bg-blue-600 text-white rounded-lg hover:bg-blue-700 transition font-medium">
+                Simpan Hak Akses
+            </button>
+        </div>
+    </form>
+</div>
+@endsection

routes/web.php

@@ -22,28 +22,31 @@ Route::get('/login', [LoginController::class, 'showLoginForm'])->name('login');
 Route::post('/login', [LoginController::class, 'login']);
 Route::post('/logout', [LoginController::class, 'logout'])->name('logout');
 
-// Protected routes
+// ===== Protected Routes (auth required) =====
 Route::middleware('auth')->group(function () {
+
+    // ===== Umum (permission-based) =====
+
+    Route::middleware('permission:access-dashboard')->group(function () {
         Route::get('/dashboard', [DashboardController::class, 'index'])->name('dashboard');
-
-    // Notifications
-    Route::get('/notifications/unread-count', [DashboardController::class, 'getUnreadCount'])->name('notifications.unread-count');
         Route::get('/calendar/data', [DashboardController::class, 'getCalendarData'])->name('calendar.data');
-    Route::get('/attendances', [\App\Http\Controllers\AttendanceController::class, 'index'])->name('attendances.index');
-    Route::get('/attendances/create', [\App\Http\Controllers\AttendanceController::class, 'create'])->name('attendances.create');
-    Route::post('/attendances', [\App\Http\Controllers\AttendanceController::class, 'store'])->name('attendances.store');
-    Route::get('/attendances/recap', [\App\Http\Controllers\AttendanceController::class, 'recap'])->name('attendances.recap');
-    Route::get('/attendances/calendar-data', [\App\Http\Controllers\AttendanceController::class, 'calendarData'])->name('attendances.calendar-data');
+    });
 
+    Route::middleware('permission:view-notifications')->group(function () {
+        Route::get('/notifications/unread-count', [DashboardController::class, 'getUnreadCount'])->name('notifications.unread-count');
         Route::get('/notifications/recent', [DashboardController::class, 'getRecentNotifications'])->name('notifications.recent');
         Route::post('/notifications/{id}/read', [DashboardController::class, 'markNotificationRead'])->name('notifications.read');
         Route::post('/notifications/read-all', [DashboardController::class, 'markAllNotificationsRead'])->name('notifications.read-all');
         Route::get('/notifications', [DashboardController::class, 'notificationsIndex'])->name('notifications.index');
+    });
 
-    // Violations
-    Route::get('/violations', [ViolationController::class, 'index'])->name('violations.index');
+    Route::middleware('permission:input-violations')->group(function () {
         Route::get('/violations/create', [ViolationController::class, 'create'])->name('violations.create');
         Route::post('/violations', [ViolationController::class, 'store'])->name('violations.store');
+    });
+
+    Route::middleware('permission:view-violations')->group(function () {
+        Route::get('/violations', [ViolationController::class, 'index'])->name('violations.index');
         Route::get('/violations/{violation}', [ViolationController::class, 'show'])->name('violations.show');
         Route::post('/violations/{violation}/verify', [ViolationController::class, 'verify'])->name('violations.verify');
         Route::delete('/violations/{violation}', [ViolationController::class, 'destroy'])->name('violations.destroy');
@@ -51,63 +54,95 @@ Route::middleware('auth')->group(function () {
         Route::post('/violations/{violation}/resolve', [ViolationController::class, 'resolveHandling'])->name('violations.resolve');
         Route::delete('/violations/{violation}/handling/{handling}', [ViolationController::class, 'destroyHandling'])->name('violations.handling.destroy');
         Route::get('/api/students/search', [ViolationController::class, 'searchStudents'])->name('api.students.search');
+    });
 
-    // Students
+    Route::middleware('permission:view-students')->group(function () {
         Route::get('/students', [StudentReportController::class, 'index'])->name('students.index');
         Route::get('/students/{student}', [StudentReportController::class, 'show'])->name('students.show');
         Route::put('/students/{student}', [StudentReportController::class, 'update'])->name('students.update');
+    });
 
-    // SP Letters
+    Route::middleware('permission:manage-attendance')->group(function () {
+        Route::get('/attendances', [\App\Http\Controllers\AttendanceController::class, 'index'])->name('attendances.index');
+        Route::get('/attendances/create', [\App\Http\Controllers\AttendanceController::class, 'create'])->name('attendances.create');
+        Route::post('/attendances', [\App\Http\Controllers\AttendanceController::class, 'store'])->name('attendances.store');
+        Route::get('/attendances/recap', [\App\Http\Controllers\AttendanceController::class, 'recap'])->name('attendances.recap');
+        Route::get('/attendances/calendar-data', [\App\Http\Controllers\AttendanceController::class, 'calendarData'])->name('attendances.calendar-data');
+    });
+
+    Route::middleware('permission:view-sp-letters')->group(function () {
         Route::get('/sp-letters', [SpLetterController::class, 'index'])->name('sp-letters.index');
         Route::get('/sp-letters/{spLetter}', [SpLetterController::class, 'show'])->name('sp-letters.show');
         Route::get('/sp-letters/{spLetter}/print', [SpLetterController::class, 'print'])->name('sp-letters.print');
+    });
 
-    // Settings
-    Route::get('/settings', [SettingsController::class, 'index'])->name('settings.index');
-    Route::post('/settings', [SettingsController::class, 'update'])->name('settings.update');
-
-    // Master Data
+    // ===== Master Data (permission-based) =====
+    Route::middleware('permission:categories-manage')->group(function () {
         Route::get('/settings/categories', [MasterDataController::class, 'categories'])->name('settings.categories');
         Route::post('/settings/categories', [MasterDataController::class, 'storeCategory'])->name('settings.categories.store');
         Route::put('/settings/categories/{category}', [MasterDataController::class, 'updateCategory'])->name('settings.categories.update');
         Route::delete('/settings/categories/{category}', [MasterDataController::class, 'destroyCategory'])->name('settings.categories.destroy');
+    });
 
+    Route::middleware('permission:violation-types-manage')->group(function () {
         Route::get('/settings/violation-types', [MasterDataController::class, 'types'])->name('settings.violation-types');
         Route::post('/settings/violation-types', [MasterDataController::class, 'storeType'])->name('settings.violation-types.store');
         Route::put('/settings/violation-types/{type}', [MasterDataController::class, 'updateType'])->name('settings.violation-types.update');
         Route::delete('/settings/violation-types/{type}', [MasterDataController::class, 'destroyType'])->name('settings.violation-types.destroy');
+    });
 
-    // Import
+    Route::middleware('permission:thresholds-manage')->group(function () {
+        Route::get('/settings/thresholds', [MasterDataController::class, 'thresholds'])->name('settings.thresholds');
+        Route::put('/settings/thresholds', [MasterDataController::class, 'updateThresholds'])->name('settings.thresholds.update');
+        Route::post('/settings/thresholds', [MasterDataController::class, 'storeThreshold'])->name('settings.thresholds.store');
+        Route::delete('/settings/thresholds/{threshold}', [MasterDataController::class, 'destroyThreshold'])->name('settings.thresholds.destroy');
+    });
+
+    Route::middleware('permission:violations-export')->group(function () {
+        Route::get('/export/violations', [\App\Http\Controllers\Admin\ViolationExportController::class, 'export'])->name('violations.export');
+    });
+
+    // ===== Administrasi (permission-based) =====
+    Route::middleware('permission:settings-manage')->group(function () {
+        Route::get('/settings', [SettingsController::class, 'index'])->name('settings.index');
+        Route::post('/settings', [SettingsController::class, 'update'])->name('settings.update');
+    });
+
+    Route::middleware('permission:import-data')->group(function () {
         Route::get('/settings/import/template', [ImportController::class, 'downloadTemplate'])->name('settings.import.template');
         Route::get('/settings/export/violation-types', [ImportController::class, 'exportViolationTypes'])->name('settings.export.violation-types');
+        Route::post('/settings/import/violation-types', [ImportController::class, 'importViolationTypes'])->name('settings.import.violation-types');
+    });
+
+    Route::middleware('permission:backup-database')->group(function () {
         Route::get('/settings/backup', [\App\Http\Controllers\Admin\BackupController::class, 'index'])->name('settings.backup');
         Route::post('/settings/backup/create', [\App\Http\Controllers\Admin\BackupController::class, 'create'])->name('settings.backup.create');
         Route::get('/settings/backup/download/{filename}', [\App\Http\Controllers\Admin\BackupController::class, 'download'])->name('settings.backup.download');
         Route::delete('/settings/backup/{filename}', [\App\Http\Controllers\Admin\BackupController::class, 'destroy'])->name('settings.backup.destroy');
         Route::post('/settings/backup/restore', [\App\Http\Controllers\Admin\BackupController::class, 'restore'])->name('settings.backup.restore');
-    Route::get('/export/violations', [\App\Http\Controllers\Admin\ViolationExportController::class, 'export'])->name('violations.export');
-    Route::post('/settings/import/violation-types', [ImportController::class, 'importViolationTypes'])->name('settings.import.violation-types');
+    });
 
-    Route::get('/settings/thresholds', [MasterDataController::class, 'thresholds'])->name('settings.thresholds');
-    Route::put('/settings/thresholds', [MasterDataController::class, 'updateThresholds'])->name('settings.thresholds.update');
-    Route::post('/settings/thresholds', [MasterDataController::class, 'storeThreshold'])->name('settings.thresholds.store');
-    Route::delete('/settings/thresholds/{threshold}', [MasterDataController::class, 'destroyThreshold'])->name('settings.thresholds.destroy');
-
-    // Sync
+    Route::middleware('permission:sync-data')->group(function () {
         Route::get('/settings/sync', [SyncController::class, 'index'])->name('settings.sync');
         Route::post('/settings/sync', [SyncController::class, 'syncNow'])->name('settings.sync.run');
+    });
 
-    // User Management
+    Route::middleware('permission:users-manage')->group(function () {
         Route::get('/users', [UserController::class, 'index'])->name('users.index');
         Route::post('/users', [UserController::class, 'store'])->name('users.store');
         Route::put('/users/{user}', [UserController::class, 'update'])->name('users.update');
         Route::delete('/users/{user}', [UserController::class, 'destroy'])->name('users.destroy');
 
-    // Reset Application
-    Route::get('/settings/reset', [App\Http\Controllers\Admin\ResetController::class, 'index'])->name('settings.reset');
-    Route::post('/settings/reset', [App\Http\Controllers\Admin\ResetController::class, 'reset'])->name('settings.reset.run');
+        Route::get('/settings/permissions', [\App\Http\Controllers\Admin\PermissionController::class, 'index'])->name('settings.permissions');
+        Route::post('/settings/permissions', [\App\Http\Controllers\Admin\PermissionController::class, 'update'])->name('settings.permissions.update');
+    });
 
-    // Profile Settings
+    Route::middleware('permission:reset-application')->group(function () {
+        Route::get('/settings/reset', [\App\Http\Controllers\Admin\ResetController::class, 'index'])->name('settings.reset');
+        Route::post('/settings/reset', [\App\Http\Controllers\Admin\ResetController::class, 'reset'])->name('settings.reset.run');
+    });
+
+    // Profile (all roles — no permission needed, manage own account)
     Route::get('/profile', [ProfileController::class, 'index'])->name('profile.index');
     Route::post('/profile', [ProfileController::class, 'update'])->name('profile.update');
 });